The invention of high heels can be traced back to the 10th century when Persian cavalry wore heels to ensure their feet locked in their horse’s stirrups35. The trend spread, and the status of owning a horse was soon denoted by the sporting of heels3.
Men wore high heels for centuries, and they were most popular with kings and other noble and wealthy men long before they were ever adorned on women’s feet123. One common theory is that high heels were developed as a method of straddling stirrups for equestrians1.
The first recorded instance of a high heeled shoe being worn by a woman was by Catherine de Medici in the 16th century26. She had thin heels designed to enhance her height and stature6.
While women got their own entry into the history of high heels with Venetian chopines, platforms of up to 30 inches high worn to avoid the less than savory streets, it was the princes and male aristocrats of the 17th century who really ran with the look3.
History of High Heels
High heels have been a fashion staple for centuries, evolving from their origins in ancient times to become a symbol of style and femininity. From the early examples found in Ancient Egypt and Greece to the modern designs of today, high heels have undergone a fascinating journey through history. In this article, we will explore the origins of heels, their rise in Europe, their evolution in the 18th and 19th centuries, and their popularization in the 20th century. Join us on this captivating journey through time as we uncover the history of high heels.
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Origins of Heels in Ancient Times
The story of high heels begins thousands of years ago, in ancient civilizations such as Egypt and Greece. In Ancient Egypt, high-heeled shoes were worn by both men and women as a status symbol. These early heels were not designed for practicality or comfort but rather served as a display of wealth and power. They were typically made of wood or leather and featured an elevated sole to elevate the wearer above the ground.
Ancient Greece also played a significant role in the history of high heels. Here, high heels were primarily worn by actors in theatrical performances to help them stand out on stage. These shoes, known as kothorni, were often made of cork and had a high, thick sole. Unlike the heels of Ancient Egypt, the Greek high heels were not just for show, but rather had a practical purpose in enhancing the performers’ stage presence.
Rise of High Heels in Europe
The popularity of high heels in Europe can be traced back to the mid-16th century when Catherine de Medici, an Italian noblewoman, married the Duke of Orleans and became the Queen of France. It is believed that Catherine introduced high heels to the French court, where they quickly became fashionable among the aristocracy. These early European heels were often referred to as “chopines” and featured a platform sole that elevated the wearer significantly.
As high heels gained popularity in Europe, they began to undergo transformations in both design and purpose. While still a symbol of social status, they also became associated with femininity and elegance. Women embraced the elevated stature that high heels provided, and the demand for stylish and fashionable designs increased.
Women’s High Heels in the 16th and 17th Centuries
In the 16th and 17th centuries, high heels became an essential component of women’s fashion. The heels were often adorned with intricate decorations, such as embroidery, jewels, and silk, reflecting the wearer’s wealth and social status. The heels of this period were usually wide and sturdy, providing stability in an era where the roads and streets were often unpaved and challenging to navigate.
During this time, high heels were not only fashionable but also practical. The elevated height of the heels helped to keep the wearer’s feet clean and dry in muddy conditions. Additionally, the heels provided a way for women to showcase their grace and poise, as walking in high heels required a certain level of balance and elegance.
Introduction of the Stiletto Heel
The stiletto heel, a design that has become synonymous with high fashion and feminine allure, made its debut in the mid-20th century. The stiletto heel is characterized by its slim, pointed shape, which creates a striking visual impact. This iconic design was first introduced in the late 1940s by Ferragamo, an Italian shoemaker, and gained popularity in the following decades.
The stiletto heel revolutionized the world of high fashion, offering a more refined and sophisticated look compared to the chunkier heels of previous eras. These slim heels elongated the legs and accentuated the natural curves of a woman’s body, becoming a symbol of femininity and sensuality. The stiletto heel continues to be a popular choice in modern high heel designs, embodying elegance and grace.
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Evolution of High Heels in the 18th and 19th Centuries
The 18th and 19th centuries witnessed significant changes in fashion, which influenced the design and popularity of high heels. In the Georgian era, heeled shoes for women became increasingly fashionable, with a focus on intricate detailing and ornamentation. High heels became a way for women to showcase their wealth and social status, as elaborate designs and expensive materials were often used.
During the Victorian era, high heels continued to be fashionable, but they also became associated with the corset culture and ideals of beauty. High heels were seen as a way to enhance a woman’s posture and create a more desirable silhouette. The relationship between heels and corsets emphasized the concept of femininity and the importance of adhering to societal beauty standards.
Popularization of High Heels in the 20th Century
The 20th century witnessed the mainstream popularity of high heels as a must-have item in a woman’s wardrobe. In the roaring twenties, high heels became an integral part of flapper fashion, symbolizing the liberation and independence of women. The Art Deco movement influenced the design of heels during this time, with geometric patterns and sleek silhouettes taking center stage.
The influence of Hollywood was also instrumental in popularizing high heels in the 20th century. As movie stars became style icons, their footwear choices had a significant impact on fashion trends. Hollywood glamour and the allure of the silver screen helped elevate high heels to new heights of popularity, as women sought to emulate the elegance and sophistication of their favorite actresses.
Post-war fashion saw the resurgence of the stiletto heel, thanks in part to the influential designer Christian Dior. Dior’s New Look, introduced in 1947, featured cinched waists and full skirts, perfectly complemented by slender stiletto heels. The stiletto heel became a symbol of luxury and femininity, embraced by women worldwide.
The 1970s brought a shift in high heel design with the emergence of platform shoes. Inspired by the disco era, platforms offered both height and comfort, becoming a favorite choice of women looking to make a bold fashion statement. These chunky-heeled shoes became synonymous with the disco fever of the decade and reflected the changing attitudes towards gender and fashion.
Today, high heels come in a variety of designs, from classic pumps to daring platforms and elegant stilettos. They continue to be a timeless fashion staple, beloved by women around the world. The evolution of women’s high heels over the centuries showcases both the changing trends in fashion and the ongoing desire for sophistication and self-expression.
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Conclusion
The history of high heels is a captivating journey through time, showcasing the evolution of fashion and societal ideals. From their origins in ancient times to their popularization in the 20th century and beyond, high heels have evolved to become an iconic symbol of style and femininity. The invention of high heels cannot be attributed to a single individual but rather represents a collaborative evolution of design and cultural influence. Whether you prefer a classic heel, a sleek stiletto, or a bold platform, high heels have a timeless allure that continues to captivate and inspire.